


Imagine counting all your ancestors as you trace your family tree back in time. Genealogists can only focus on one branch of a family tree at a time, making it easy to forget how many forebears each of us has. “We’re culturally bound and psychologically conditioned to not think about ancestry in very broad terms,” Rutherford says.

The family tree of humanity is much more interconnected than we tend to think. After all, says geneticist Adam Rutherford, “literally everyone” with European ancestry is directly descended from Charlemagne. In 2010 Lee released a symphonic metal album paying homage to the first Holy Roman emperor-but his enthusiasm may have been a tad excessive. The late esteemed English actor Christopher Lee traced his ancestry directly to Charlemagne.
